Enter here and also the photographs around the next three pages tell the storyline behind the lump of sugar you dropped to your coffee today. They reveal the way the world's biggest cane-sugar refinery turns brown, gummy raw sugar into sparkling, crystalline grains and cubes.



This plant, at Crockett, Calif., offers a tenth from the 7,500,000 a lot of sugar People in america eat every year. Its production provides five protuberances each day for each man, lady, and child in the united states. The large refinery is run by the California and Hawaiian Sugar Refining Corp., Limited.

Raw sugar, steamed lower in the juice squeezed from cane stalks, arrives by ship in large quantities as well as in bags. The refined product leaves for grocers' shelves as white-colored, brown, confectioner's and lump sugar. Each one is essentially exactly the same: practically pure sucrose, whose complex chemical structure is shown by its formula, C12H22O11.

1. This is among nine steel silos, each getting a capacity of 10,000 tons, for storing raw sugar. Light brown and coarse to look at, the sugar is unloaded in the silo through the clamshell bucket above. Placed with a traveling overhead crane, the bucket drops the sugar lower the big tube in the heart of the silo. Came from here sugar travels to refining machinery.

2. Boiling the syrup under vacuum to evaporate water happens. The large steam-heated vacuum pan below, 24 ft high and 14 ft across, can be used with this operation.

3. Operator flows sugar deposits in to the vacuum pan to induce crystallization from the syrup. Forty a lot of very-syrup mixture, known as massecuite, is a result of one cooking.

4. After molasses coating on raw sugar is softened having a heavy sugar-and-water syrup, mixture is cleaned and whirled in centrifugal machine above to get rid of some harmful particles.

5. Melted sugar mixture, now a obvious amber syrup, strains through fine-mesh screening above in final filtering step. Before, mixture goes through about 100 other filters.

6. To acquire granulated sugar, deposits are separated from syrup, dried inside a rotating cylinder, then shot lower tubes to machines, below, that kind grains based on size.

7. Lump sugar is created by flowing melted sugar into rectangular forms, cutting them in cubes, and molding having a cylinder. Cubes below transfer to drying out oven as final step.

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